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As of 2011, 37 million individuals living in the United States identified as Black or African American. Blacks currently comprise the third largest racial or ethnic group in the United States after non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics (Figure 1). While it is projected that the nation will become increasingly diverse and the Black population will grow over the next few decades, Blacks are anticipated to maintain a consistent share of the population. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has important implications for Blacks as they face longstanding and persistent disparities in health and health care.