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New research funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) revealed that of previously incarcerated youths, more than 90 percent of males and nearly 80 percent of females had a substance use disorder at some point in their lifetime. The longitudinal study randomly sampled 1,829 youth and examined how lifetime and past-year prevalence of substance use disorders differed by sex, race/ethnicity, and substances abused as the group grew to young adulthood. The participants were re-interviewed up to nine times over 16 years and were assessed for substance-use disorders involving alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogen/PCP, opiate, amphetamine, inhalant, sedative, and other unspecified drugs.